Ion | [inside] | [outside] | Voltage |
---|---|---|---|
\(K^+\) | ~150 mM | ~4 mM | ~ -90 mV |
\(Na^+\) | ~10 mM | ~140 mM | ~ +55-60 mV |
Cl- | ~10 mM | ~110 mM | ~ - 65-80 mV |
Phase | Neuron State |
---|---|
Rise to threshold | + input makes membrane potential more + |
Rising phase | Voltage-gated \(Na^+\) channels open, \(Na^+\) enters |
Peak | Voltage-gated \(Na^+\) channels close and deactivate; voltage-gated \(K^+\) channels open |
Falling phase | \(K^+\) exits |
Refractory period | \(Na^+\)/\(K^+\) pump restores [\(Na^+\)], [\(K^+\)]; voltage-gated \(K^+\) channels close |
Phase | Ion | Driving force | Flow direction | Flow magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rest | \(K^+\) | 20 mV | out | small |
\(Na^+\) | 125 mV | in | small |
Phase | Ion | Driving force | Flow direction | Flow magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rising | \(K^+\) | growing | out | growing |
\(Na^+\) | shrinking | in | high |
Phase | Ion | Driving force | Flow direction | Flow magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peak | \(K^+\) | 120 mV | out | high |
\(Na^+\) | 20 mV | in | small |
Phase | Ion | Driving force | Flow direction | Flow magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
Falling | K | shrinking | out | high |
\(Na^+\) | growing | in | small |
Phase | Ion | Driving force | Flow direction | Flow magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|
Refractory | K | ~0 mV | out | small |
\(Na^+\) | 145 mV | in | small |
Axon Hillock" by M.aljar3i - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons
Eyherabide, H. G., Rokem, A., Herz, A. V. M., Samengo, I., Eyherabide, H. G., Rokem, A., … Samengo, I. (2009). Bursts generate a non-reducible spike-pattern code. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.01.002.2009