class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # 2018-02-12 Perceptual organization ## PSY 525.001 • Vision Science • 2018 Spring ### Rick Gilmore ### 2018-02-12 12:05:51 --- # Today's topics -- ## Perceptual organization -- ## Discuss Biederman (1987). --- class: center, middle <img src="http://cns-alumni.bu.edu/~slehar/webstuff/pcave/gestalt_laws.jpg" height=450px/> ## Perceptual grouping --- class: center, middle <img src="http://web.mit.edu/6.813/www/sp17/classes/14-layout/figures/03.png" height=450px/> ## Perceptual grouping --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.doctordisruption.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/thing-11.jpg" height=450px/> ## Element connectedness --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.csus.edu/indiv/w/wickelgren/psyc103/gestaltcommonregionsign.jpg" height=450px/> ## Common region --- class: center, middle <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1F5ICP9SYLU?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Motion and perceptual organization --- class: center, middle # Early or late? --- class: center, middle # Scene perception --- class: center, middle <img src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/06/24/article-2666847-1F12F26400000578-337_634x206.jpg" height=450px/> ## Analyzing regions/camoflage --- class: center, middle <img src="https://i.chzbgr.com/full/8266480640/hB5FE9E07/" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="https://public-media.interaction-design.org/images/ux-daily/562e4c0c6a018.jpg" height=450px/> ## Uniform connectedness: region parsing before grouping? (Palmer & Rock) --- class: center, middle <img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0001691803000933-gr3.gif" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olivia_Cheung/publication/235368613/figure/fig1/AS:272536512495617@1441989176053/Figure-3-An-image-filtered-to-include-A-both-low-and-high-spatial-frequency.png" height=450px/> ## Edge detection through spatial frequency filtering --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.illusionsindex.org/images/illusions/Ehrenstein/42_neoncolour_fig2.png" height=450px/> ## Illusory edges and spreading --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~msl/texture.gif" height=450px/> ## Texture segregation --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/103/42/15704/F1.large.jpg" height=450px/> Ben-Shahar, O. (2006). Visual saliency and texture segregation without feature gradient. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*, *103*(42), 15704–15709. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604410103 --- class: center, middle <img src="https://visscom.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/tumblr_l9lewt0jaa1qz4f43o1_500.gif" height=450px/> ## Figure/ground segregation --- class: middle | Figure | Ground | |--------|--------| | Thinglike | Not thinglike | | Closer to observer | Farther from observer | | Bounded by contour | Extends behind contour | | Shape defined by contour | No shape at contour | Palmer Table 6.3.1 --- class: middle, center <img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0042698915001066-gr1.jpg" height=450px/> ## Symmetry, convexity, smallness, bottom-up polarity, lower region, protrusion --- class: middle, center <img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0042698915001066-gr10.jpg" height=400px/> > "Figure–ground segregation can be computed without relying on image contours. Figural status estimates result from a multidirectional linear voting process." Dimiccoli, M. (2016). Figure-ground segregation: A fully nonlocal approach. *Vision Research*, *126*, 308–317. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.007 --- class: center, middle <img src="http://cns-alumni.bu.edu/~slehar/Spatial/Spatial_files/image002.jpg" height=450px/> **Amodal** completion (perception of occluded whole) vs. **modal** completion (perception of unoccluded whole) --- class: center, middle <img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0042698996000624-gr1.gif" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0042698996000624-gr10.gif" height=450px/> Ringach, D. L., & Shapley, R. (1996). Spatial and temporal properties of illusory contours and amodal boundary completion. *Vision Research*, *36*(19), 3037–3050. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8917767 --- class: center, middle <img src="http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/Journals/JOV/933517/m_jov-7-1-6-fig001b.jpeg" height=450px/> ## Multi-stable images --- class: center, middle <img src="http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/Journals/JOV/933517/m_jov-7-1-6-f ig001c.jpeg"/> Pitts, M. A., Nerger, J. L., & Davis, T. J. R. (2007). Electrophysiological correlates of perceptual reversals for three different types of multistable images. *Journal of Vision*, *7*(1), 6. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.1.6 --- class: center, middle <img src="http://payload34.cargocollective.com/1/6/214386/2994968/prt_220x225_1331649463.jpg" height=450px/> Necker cube with illusory contours --- class: center, middle <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WhbZesV2GRk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Ambiguous/multi-stable vs. unambiguous plaids --- class: center, middle # Are there deeper relationships at work here? --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/ar/journals/content/psych/2008/psych.2008.59.issue-1/annurev.psych.58.110405.085632/production/images/large/ps590167.f1.jpeg" width=800px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="http://www.annualreviews.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/ar/journals/content/psych/2008/psych.2008.59.issue-1/annurev.psych.58.110405.085632/production/images/large/ps590167.f2.jpeg" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="img/geisler-perry-2009-fig02.jpg" height=450px/> Geisler, W. S., & Perry, J. S. (2009). Contour statistics in natural images: Grouping across occlusions. Visual neuroscience, 26(1), 109–121. Cambridge University Press. --- class: center, middle <img src="img/geisler-perry-2009-fig04.jpg" height=450px/> Geisler, W. S., & Perry, J. S. (2009). Contour statistics in natural images: Grouping across occlusions. Visual neuroscience, 26(1), 109–121. Cambridge University Press. --- class: center, middle <img src="img/geisler-perry-2009-fig06.jpg" height=450px/> Geisler, W. S., & Perry, J. S. (2009). Contour statistics in natural images: Grouping across occlusions. Visual neuroscience, 26(1), 109–121. Cambridge University Press. --- class: center, middle, inverse # Break time --- class: center, middle, inverse # Discussion of Biederman (1987) --- class: middle ## Principles of "non-accidentalness" 1. Collinearity 2. Curvilinearity 3. Symmetry 4. Parallel curves 5. Vertices --- class: center, middle <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0qcYoC5Ld1Q?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Ames chair illusion illustrates implicit "principle" of co-termination --- class: center, middle <img src="http://overwow.org/image/truth-018.jpg" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle <img src="https://www.moillusions.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Leaning-Tower-of-Pisa-Optical-Illusion1.jpg"/> --- class: center, middle <img src="https://now-you-see-it.wikispaces.com/file/view/geons.gif/354035802/geons.gif" height=450px/> --- class: center, middle | Edge | Symmetry | Size | Axis | |------|----------|------|------| | Straight or Curved | Rot + Ref; Ref; Asymm | Constant; Expanded; Expand & Contract | Straight or Curved | --- # Next time... ## Size, shape, orientation, & position --- class: center, middle Slides created via the R package [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan). 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