class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # 2018-03-19 Eye & Head Movements ## PSY 525.001 • Vision Science • 2018 Spring ### Rick Gilmore ### 2018-03-19 15:37:20 --- # Today's topics -- ## Eye and head movements --- class: middle, center <img src="https://www.giannisarcone.com/3-MEDIA_Images/Dynamic_muller_lyer2B.gif"/> Sarcone, Gianni A. "Dynamic Müller-Lyer Illusion." From Sarcone’s Studio -- A Sarcone & Waeber Web Resource. <http://giannisarcone.com/Muller_lyer_illusion.html>. Copyright © G. Sarcone --- class: middle, center <img src="https://i.imgur.com/DaTi4L9.gif"/> ## Complex motion from motion integration of simple components --- class: middle, center # Why move the eyes? -- ## Fixation -- ## Tracking --- class: middle, center | Types | Description | Comments | |------------------|----------------------------------------|----------| | Nystagmus | small, rapid, oscillatory | keep things visible | | Saccades | ballistic, fast | spatial frame of ref | | (Smooth) Pursuit | track moving target | speed dependent | | Vergence | Con/Diverge; disconjugate | cue to depth | | Vestibular Ocular Response (VOR) | Stabilize eyes in head | stabilize in 3D | | Optokinetic | stabilize moving field | size of motion field critical | | Accommodation | Change in shape of lens | focus | | Pupillary response | Change in lighting | | --- class: middle, center <img src="img/pritchard-1961-image-stabilization.jpg"/> ## Image paths on the retina --- class: middle, center <img src="img/pritchard-sci-am-1961-2.jpg"/> ## Image stabilization results in perceptual fading (Pritchard, 1961) --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NEKML4J1rz4?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Vergence --- class: middle, center <img src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*BRB4QLpT7bxA5QZN3d2xrA.jpeg" height=400px/> ## Vergence/accommodation conflict complicates [virtual reality (VR) displays](https://medium.com/vrinflux-dot-com/vergence-accommodation-conflict-is-a-bitch-here-s-how-to-design-around-it-87dab1a7d9ba) --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XIfIWk0VscY?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Smooth pursuit --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/j_R0LcPnZ_w?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Vestibulo Ocular Reflex/Response (VOR) stabilizes gaze --- class: middle, center ## Demo: VOR permits reading/texting while walking ## But: <https://youtu.be/wl0JojWH1rQ> --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LInm9cZcHyk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y7_f-pR8SBY?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> ## How eye trackers work --- class: middle, center <https://webgazer.cs.brown.edu/> ## Using a web cam! --- class: middle, center <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gilmore-lab/temple-2017-02-27/master/img/mom-baby-carrier.jpg" height=450px/> </br> --- class: middle, center <video data-autoplay width="350" controls> <source src="https://nyu.databrary.org/slot/7740/0,24634/asset/16751/download?inline=true" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> </br> <video data-autoplay width="350" controls> <source src="https://nyu.databrary.org/slot/7739/0,26134/asset/16749/download?inline=true" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Gilmore, R.O., Raudies, F., Franchak, J. & Adolph, K. (2015). Understanding the development of motion processing by characterizing optic flow experienced by infants and their mothers. *Databrary*. Retrieved March 16, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17910/B7.116 --- class: middle, center <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gilmore-lab/temple-2017-02-27/master/img/optic-flow-locomotion.jpg" height=400px/> Raudies, F. & Gilmore, R.O. (2014). Visual motion priors differ for infants and mothers. *Neural Computation*, 26(11), 2652-2668. doi:10.1162/NECO_a_00645 ## Infants experience *faster* speeds than mothers --- class: middle, center <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2NcUkvIX6no?rel=0" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe> --- class: middle, center https://vimeo.com/2883380 ## Simulating the effects of saccades on vision with the [EyeSeeCam](http://eyeseecam.com) --- class: middle, center [Simulating reading](https://vimeo.com/2883380) [Walking around a city](https://vimeo.com/12045139) --- class: center, middle # Physiology and anatomy of eye movements --- class: middle, center <img src="https://entokey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/B9781437727036000041_f004-001-9781437727036.jpg" height=450px/> <https://entokey.com/neuro-ophthalmology-3/> --- class: middle, center <img src="https://www.aapos.org/client_data/files/2011/_196_anatomy1.jpg" height=450px/> ## 6 muscles/eye (superior/inferior and medial/lateral rectus + superior/inferior oblique) --- class: middle, center <img src="https://amedia.britannica.com/700x450/44/54244-004-892C5169.jpg" height=450px/> ## 3 cranial nerves: III (oculomotor); IV (trochlear); & VII (abducens) --- class: middle, center <img src="https://entokey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/B9781437727036000041_f004-006-9781437727036.jpg" height=450px/> <https://entokey.com/neuro-ophthalmology-3/> --- class: middle, center <img src="https://entokey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/B9781437727036000041_f004-007-9781437727036.jpg" height=450px/> <https://entokey.com/neuro-ophthalmology-3/> --- class: middle, center <video width="600" controls> <source src="https://nyu.databrary.org/slot/11141/0,5000/asset/37954/download?inline=true" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Wilkinson, K. (2014). Preliminary investigation of visual attention to human figures in photographs: Potential considerations for the design of aided AAC visual scene displays. Databrary. Retrieved March 16, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17910/B7G59R. ## Typically developing --- class: middle, center <video width="600" controls> <source src="https://nyu.databrary.org/slot/11141/0,5000/asset/37960/download?inline=true" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Wilkinson, K. (2014). Preliminary investigation of visual attention to human figures in photographs: Potential considerations for the design of aided AAC visual scene displays. Databrary. Retrieved March 16, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17910/B7G59R. ## Individuals with Down Syndrome --- class: middle, center <video width="600" controls> <source src="https://nyu.databrary.org/slot/11141/0,5000/asset/37964/download?inline=true" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> Wilkinson, K. (2014). Preliminary investigation of visual attention to human figures in photographs: Potential considerations for the design of aided AAC visual scene displays. Databrary. Retrieved March 16, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17910/B7G59R. ## Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder --- class: middle, center, inverse # Break --- class: middle, center Schütz, A. C., Braun, D. I., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2011). Eye movements and perception: a selective review. *Journal of Vision*, *11*(5). Retrieved from <http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.5.9> --- class: middle, center <img src="http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/Journals/JOV/933487/jov-11-5-9-fig001.jpeg" height=500px/> Schütz, A. C., Braun, D. I., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2011). Eye movements and perception: a selective review. *Journal of Vision*, *11*(5). Retrieved from <http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.5.9> --- class: middle, center <img src="http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/Journals/JOV/933487/jov-11-5-9-fig002.jpeg" height=500px/> Schütz, A. C., Braun, D. I., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2011). Eye movements and perception: a selective review. *Journal of Vision*, *11*(5). Retrieved from <http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/11.5.9> --- class: middle, center <video width="800" controls> <source src="mov/jov-11-5-9_movie1.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> --- class: middle, center <img src="http://jov.arvojournals.org/data/Journals/JOV/933487/jov-11-5-9-fig004.jpeg" height=500px/> --- class: center, middle Slides created via the R package [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan). Rendered HTML and supporting files are pushed to GitHub where GitHub's 'pages' feature is used to host and serve the course website.