2020-09-09 07:33:48

Pre-check

  • Mic on
  • Zoom share screen, set sound output
  • 2nd computer connect to Zoom
  • Projector on

Today’s topics

  • Quiz 1 today, Canvas, 12p-6p, 20 min
  • More neuroanatomy

More neuroanatomy

Organization of the brain

Major division Ventricular Landmark Embryonic Division Structure
Forebrain Lateral Telencephalon Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus, amygdala
Third Diencephalon Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain Cerebral Aqueduct Mesencephalon Tectum, tegmentum

Organization of the brain

Major division Ventricular Landmark Embryonic Division Structure
Hindbrain 4th Metencephalon Cerebellum, pons
– Mylencephalon Medulla oblongata

Landmarks of the cortex

Medial longitudinal fissure (longitudinal fissure)

Lateral sulcus/fissure

Central sulcus

Representative interhemispheric fiber tracts in the cortex

  • Interhemispheric -> from one hemisphere to another
  • Fiber tracts -> bundles of axon fibers
  • Connect left and right hemispheres
  • Corpus callosum
  • Anterior, Posterior Commissures

Corpus callosum

Anterior, Posterior Commissures

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

Frontal lobe

  • Where is it?
    • Anterior to central sulcus
    • Superior to lateral fissure
    • Dorsal to temporal lobe

Frontal lobe

  • What does it do/contain?
    • Primary motor cortex (M1)
    • Pre-central gyrus (pre/anterior to central sulcus)

Blausen 0103 Brain Sensory&Motor.png

Frontal lobe

  • What does it do/contain?
    • Prefrontal cortex
      • Planning, problem solving, working memory…?
    • Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
    • Primary olfactory cortex
    • Gustatory cortex

Cingulate Gyrus

Temporal lobe

  • Where is it?
    • Ventral to frontal, parietal lobes
    • Inferior to lateral fissure

Temporal lobe

  • What does it do/contain?
    • Primary auditory cortex (A1)
    • Visual object, face recognition
    • Amygdala, hippocampus
    • Storage of memories about events, objects
    • Olfactory cortex

Parietal lobe

  • Where is it?
    • Caudal to frontal lobe
    • Dorsal to temporal lobe
    • Posterior to central sulcus

Parietal lobe

  • What does it do/contain?
    • Primary somatosensory cortex
    • Perception of spatial relations, action planning

Post-central gyrus

  • Post-central -> “posterior to” central sulcus
  • Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)

Blausen 0103 Brain Sensory&Motor.png

Occipital lobe

  • Where is it?
    • Caudal to parietal & temporal lobes
  • What does it do/contain?
    • Primary visual cortex (V1)

Visual Cortex

Insular cortex (insula)

  • Where is it?
    • medial to temporal lobe
    • deep inside lateral fissure

Insula

Insula

  • What does it do/contain?
    • Primary gustatory cortex
    • self-awareness, interpersonal experiences, motor control

Lobes, landmarks, areas

Lobe Sulci Gyri Areas
Frontal Central sulcus Precentral gyrus motor cortex
Corpus callosum Cingulate gyrus anterior cingulate cortex
olfactory cortex
gustatory cortex

Lobes, landmarks, areas

Lobe Sulci Gyri Areas
Temporal Lateral fissure auditory cortex
olfactory cortex
hipppocampus
amygdala

Lobes, landmarks, areas

Lobe Sulci Gyri Areas
Parietal Central sulcus Postcentral gyrus somatosensory ctx
Occipital visual ctx
Insula Lateral fissure gustatory ctx

Brodmann Areas

Brodmann Areas

Brodmann Areas

Spinal cord

  • Rostral/Caudal axis
    • Spinal column w/ vertebrae
    • Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)
    • Spinal segments & 31 nerve pairs
    • Cauda equina

Spinal cord

Spinal cord

  • Organization of the spinal cord
    • Dorsal/Ventral
      • Dorsal root (sensory)
      • Ventral root (mostly motor)
    • Grey (interior) vs. white matter (exterior)

Organization of the PNS

  • Somatic division

  • Autonomic division

  • Cranial nerves

  • Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

  • Afferents (input), efferents (output), or mixed
  • Innervate head and neck
  • Olfactory (I), optic (II), (VIII) auditory, vagus (X), etc.
  • Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

Autonomic nervous system

  • CNS & PNS components
  • Controls “vegetative functions”"
    • Limited voluntary control
  • Two divisions
    • Sympathetic
    • Parasympathetic

ANS

Sympathetic division

  • Prepares body for action
  • “Fight or flight”"
  • Spinal cord
    • ganglion chain along spinal column to End organs
  • NTs
    • Preganglionic: ACh
    • Post: NE

Parasympathetic division

  • Para -> “around”
  • Restorative function
  • “Rest & digest”
  • Spinal cord -> ganglia near end organs -> end organ
    • NT: ACh

Next time…

  • Cells of the nervous system

References