Neuroanatomy III
2025-09-11
Spinal cord
- Rostral/Caudal axis
- Spinal column w/ vertebrae
- Cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)
- Spinal segments & 31 nerve pairs
- Cauda equina
Spinal cord
- Nerves map to specific regions of the body
- Dermatomes
Spinal cord
- Dorsal/Ventral
- Dorsal root (sensory)
- Ventral root (mostly motor)
- Grey (interior) vs. white matter (exterior)
Spinal cord
- Afferent (input/sensory) and efferent (output/motor) tracts
Cranial nerves
- Sensory & motor functions of the cranium (head) and neck
- Afferents (input/sensory), efferents (output/motor), or mixed/both
- On Old Olympus’ Towering Top…
- Some Say Marry Money…
Cranial nerves
- Innervate head and neck
- Olfactory (I), optic (II), (VIII) auditory, vagus (X), etc.
Note
You will have to memorize the cranial nerves in other classes, but not this one.
Still, this might be helpful to you:
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
- CNS & PNS components
- Controls “vegetative functions””
- Limited voluntary control
- Two divisions
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
Sympathetic division
- Prepares body for action
- “Fight or flight”
- Spinal cord
- ganglion chain along spinal column to end organs
Sympathetic division
- Neurotransmitters
- Preganglionic: Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Post: Norepinephrine (NE)
Parasympathetic division
- Para -> “around”
- Restorative function
- “Rest & digest”
- Spinal cord -> ganglia near end organs -> end organ
- Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh)
Putting the pieces together
- Vision
- Eyes
- Optic (II cranial)
- LGN of thalamus
- V1 in occipital lobe
Putting the pieces together
- Audition
- Ears
- VIIIth cranial nerve
- MGN of thalamus
- A1 in temporal lobe
Putting the pieces together
- Somatosensory
- Skin, muscles, joints
- Spinal nerves
- Thalamus
- S1 in parietal lobe
Putting the pieces together
- Motor
- Frontal lobe
- III, IV, VI cranial nerves
- Eye movementS
- Spinal cord
- Motor neurons that move shoulder, elbow, hand
