Findings: Data viz in psych sci

About

This page extracts information about the data visualizations we explored in Exercise-01 from the shared Google Sheet.

Survey

Direct link: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1X-3kWpGAACdkAJ8-AeqYiu5TS6tRzpfdgXBYyPooCPo/edit?gid=0#gid=0

Preparation

First, we load the external packages (groups of R commands) that we will be using.

Important

The code uses the quietly() function from the purrr package to suppress most of the feedback.

library('ggplot2')
library('dplyr')

r_functions <- list.files(file.path(here::here(), "src", "R"), "\\.R$", full.names = TRUE)

purrr::map(r_functions, source) |>
  purrr::quietly()

function (...) 
capture_output(.f(...))
<bytecode: 0x10e74a4e8>
<environment: 0x10e74a210>

Gathering

Next, we download the data from the Google Sheet where it is collected. Dr. Gilmore has stored his Google account credentials in a special environment file that can be accessed by the R command Sys.getenv("GMAIL_SURVEY").

Tip

It’s vital to be very careful when creating and sharing code like this that involves sensitive information like login credentials.

Gilmore likes to put credentials in an .Renviron file that lives in his home directory. This is a recommended practice. On Mac OS and Linux, that’s ~/.Renviron. You can use the usethis::edit_r_profile() command at the R console (not the Terminal) to open your own .Renviron file. In Gilmore’s case, he has added the following line to that file:

GMAIL_SURVEY="<my-google-account>"

Here, he has substituted his Google account with credentials/access to the required files for <my-google-account>. Then, when the R code below calls Sys.getenv("GMAIL_SURVEY"), the value of those credentials is returned as a text string.

Make sure to close and save the .Renviron file and restart your R session before testing this yourself.

if (!dir.exists('csv')) {
  message("Creating missing `csv/`.")
  dir.create("csv")
}

if (params$update_data) {
  options(gargle_oauth_email = Sys.getenv("GMAIL_SURVEY"))
  googledrive::drive_auth()

  googledrive::drive_download(
    "PSYCH-490.003-Spr-2025-Psych-Viz",
    path = file.path("csv", params$fn),
    type = "csv",
    overwrite = TRUE
  )
  message("Data updated.")
} else {
  message("Using stored data.")
}

The data file has been saved as a comma-separated value (CSV) format data file in a special directory called csv/.

Note

Because these data might contain sensitive or identifiable information, we only keep a local copy and do not share it publicly via GitHub. This is achieved by adding the name of the data directory to a special .gitignore file.

Cleaning

Next we load the saved data file, and then proceed to clean it.

ex01 <-
  readr::read_csv(file.path("csv", params$fn), show_col_types = FALSE)

There are 81 responses.

These are the column/variable names.

# Google Forms puts the full question in the top row of the data file.
# We use the names() function to extract and print the original questions.
ex01_qs <- names(ex01)
ex01_qs

[1] "identifier"    "source_type"   "url_to_src"    "why_selected" 
[5] "comment"       "url_to_figure"

For simplicity, we visualize below only those with non-empty URLs to the specific figure.

Summary data

figs_w_urls <- ex01 |>
  filter(!is.na(url_to_figure))

There were n=22 unique respondents.

Of the 81 responses from these individuals or teams, n=56 had URLs we could link to directly.

Figures found

these_figs <- ex01 |>
  filter(!is.na(url_to_figure))

res <- invisible(lapply(1:dim(these_figs)[1], return_img_chunk, df = these_figs))
cat(unlist(res), sep = "\n")

Figure 1

https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/teaching-current-directions-in-psychological-science-27#lives

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
rog1	web_site	NA

Comments
NA

Figure 2

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21677026241301298

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
rog1	article	ROC figures are used only in specialized contexts

Comments
More info about sensitivity and specificity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity

Figure 3

https://www.sfn.org/publications/latest-news/2020/01/27/the-brain-may-need-iron-for-healthy-cognitive-development

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
bre1	article	I was drawn in to the topic examining the impact of iron on cognitive development and found the scatterplot to be very informative, however a bit difficult to interpret at first glance.

Comments
NA

Figure 4

https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2025-31206-001.pdf?auth_token=7fcec614b0825ba1032680320e7e094213c3f483

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
bre1	article	I enjoyed the mindmap used within the article, I felt it was very digestible to the public eye and conveyed the meaning and significance of the topic.

Comments
NA

Figure 5

https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fdev0001841

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
bre1	article	The conceptual diagram caught my eye as it provided a great visual of the upward incline and the severity of this effect.

Comments
NA

Figure 6

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02202-z/figures/1

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
tjd1	article	I thought this visualization was about an interesting topic, and also enjoyed exploring story it tells - the ages of onset for various mental illnesses in young people.

Comments
NA

Figure 7

https://www.eneuro.org/content/11/10/ENEURO.0210-24.2024/tab-figures-data

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ilw 1	article	Illusionism and visual processing.

Comments
NA

Figure 8

https://journals.sagepub.com/cms/10.1177/0956797618761373/asset/images/large/10.1177_0956797618761373-fig2.jpeg

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ilw 1	article	Children Cognitive ability in relation to parents’ judgement

Comments
NA

Figure 9

https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/907c790a-fabe-474b-b142-3b4799f38ce3/cdev14156-fig-0002-m.png

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ilw 1	article	It’s interesting to see whether people get more enjoyment out of receiving gifts vs giving gifts

Comments
NA

Figure 10

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/19485506231204463

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ayc 1	article	Network and mediation/moderation example

Comments
NA

Figure 11

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/44/e0231242024/tab-figures-data

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ayc 1	article	Extremely complex and dense visualization

Comments
NA

Figure 12

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/37/e2236232024/tab-figures-data

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ayc 1	article	Example of neuroimaging, BOLD signal visualization

Comments
NA

Figure 13

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/19485506231211628

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ayc 1	article	Simple comparative visualization

Comments
NA

Figure 14

https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/stress-in-america/2024/postelection-stress-coping-during-holidays

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I thought the small pictures next to each item was a unique feature that I have not seen on many other graphics of that nature

Comments
NA

Figure 15

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241286865

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I have never seen this type of visualization with areas of colors surrounding the lines showing the range of values. I think the differences in colors greatly help to distinguish data and show how they may interact

Comments
Figure 5

Figure 16

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15291006231221978

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I found the separate graph breakdown of number of studies to be very thorough and the differing graphs with different colors ensured that the data could be visualized appropriately based on the category

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 17

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/3156133891/B9D8033C647D446CPQ/11?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I appreciate the overlap in the data being shown directly on the same graph to better understand differences in data

Comments
Figure 3

Figure 18

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/3108366413/902261B578114B8FPQ/1?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I have never seen this type of visualization with the length of vector used to symbolize data.

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 19

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/3156133920/B9D8033C647D446CPQ/13?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	This graph distinguishes data by total and direct effect to understand variable significance and I have never seen a graph of this nature.

Comments
Figure 4

Figure 20

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/3156133916/B33C55DC844C41DEPQ/1?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I appreciate the distinguishing of demographic by color to quickly identify varying categories of interaction

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 21

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/3154909502/298FE26D70EF4859PQ/14?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I think this study researching the differences in number of words men and women speak each day is insightful and I appreciate the further breakdown by age group

Comments
Figures 3-4

Figure 22

https://www.proquest.com/psycarticles/docview/1539480322/FDF2333734CC41FBPQ/9?accountid=13158&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ses1	article	I am interested in the relationship between life satisfaction regarding the workplace and I feel this graph concisely presents the data related to life satiafaction in couples after an unemployment event

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 23

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022399923002945?via%3Dihub

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
rta5133 (Rand)	article	I selected this because it particularly visualizes cross-lagged variables which I thought is interesting. It also has signs such as epsilons to denote residuals and a lot of arrows which I thought merit a second peek.

Comments
NA

Figure 24

https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.14152

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Apf1	article	I liked the topic of study and how the data was displayed

Comments
NA

Figure 25

https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13421-017-0708-1?fromPaywallRec=false

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
jxu5065	article	NA

Comments
NA

Figure 26

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.adn3802

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
jxu5065	article	NA

Comments
NA

Figure 27

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02077-2

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
NMSL	article	The relation between AI and human communication is clearly showed.

Comments
NA

Figure 28

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-75262-y?fromPaywallRec=false

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
NMSL	article	NA

Comments
NA

Figure 29

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/21677026221121762

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ssw, hrq, tjd	Journal	NA

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 30

https://journals.sagepub.com/stoken/default+domain/10.1177%2F15291006211051956-FREE/pdf

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ssw,hrq, tjd	website	This journal explains what creating effective visuals for data communication and research.

Comments
figure 1: This is useful to understanding how visuals affect the growth of data.

Figure 31

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02202-z/figures/1

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
ssw,hrq, tjd	article	I thought this visualization was about an interesting topic, and also enjoyed exploring story it tells - the ages of onset for various mental illnesses in young people.

Comments
From Society of Research on Adolesence

Figure 32

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074#d1e584

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Kmm	article	The flow chart shows the conceptual steps that a “lifestyle-based” mental health care provider would use

Comments
APA

Figure 33

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08359-z

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Kmm	article	This chart clearly shows the comparison of errors between languages that the program was created to know

Comments
Nature (Journal)

Figure 34

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08423-8

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Kmm	article	This “Image” shows 8 different graphs and charts that help to paint the whole picture of the validation of MAVs and PVVs in regards to the prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells

Comments
Nature (Journal)

Figure 35

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02077-2

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Kmm	article	This image shows the interaction between AI and humans through flow charts and points plotted on a graph

Comments
Nature Human Behavior (Journal)

Figure 36

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02061-w

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Kmm	article	This image shows 3 different types of visualizations of the data regarding reporting-error-adjusted participation weights

Comments
Nature Human Behavior (Journal)

Figure 37

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2793527

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
mec	article	This figure shows an easy to understand representation for the experiment taking place of a drug injection into the eye with results of leakage

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 38

https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2023/collective-trauma-recovery

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
mec	article	Figure clearly puts data into seperate visual categories to make their point on stress levels pre pandemic vs post pandemic by age specifically

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 39

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00221325.2024.2400362#d1e771

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure is interesting because it shows the association between teacher-student relationship quality and maternal depressive symptoms and children’t externalizing behavior problem. This shows the importance of maternal depressive symptom to teacher-student relationship.

Comments
Figure 4

Figure 40

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/doi/10.1002/dys.1790

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows an word cloud of 25 interviews on raising awareness of dyslexia, it shows a simple photo that has the result of 25 interviews

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 41

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jora.13045

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows how adolescent with elevated depression before and during the COVID-19 will more likely to be in the high risk profile.

Comments
Figure 3

Figure 42

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jora.13052

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the correlation of LGBTQ+ state policies and mental health symptomology with other factors like school safety, peer victimization, and others.

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 43

https://myscp-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/doi/10.1002/jcpy.1446

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the anticipated negative impact on the relationship between gift given on time and late, from gift recipient and gift giver.

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 44

https://journals-sagepub-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/doi/10.1177/1077801212440017

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the rate of reports and arrest for forcible rape per 100,000 U.S. inhabitants. It shows how there is a large amount of reported rape compared to a small amount of arrest

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 45

https://www.apa.org/pubs/reports/practitioner/2024

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
zw	website	The graph is about the frequency of AI usage for psychologists at different career stage and I find that interesting

Comments
NA

Figure 46

https://www.apa.org/monitor/2024/01/trends-pathways-access-mental-health-care

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
zw	website	The figure shows 90% of the public believe there’s a mental health crisis in the US but a lot of the people I know dont even believe in mental health issues

Comments
NA

Figure 47

<Self‐reported alcohol consumption during participation in a text messaging‐based online drinking moderation platform - Vadhan - 2024 - Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research - Wiley Online Library>

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
zw	article	I am working on a lab projject that is related to drinking

Comments
NA

Figure 48

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077801212440017

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
zw	article	This figure is about reports of forcible rape to law enforcement and the number of arrests resulted, as a woman I care about this kind of issue

Comments
Figure 2

Figure 49

https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/color-me-impressed-psychology-research-links-colors-and-emotions-for-over-a-century/

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Rta5133(Rand)	News article	I thought they very intellignetly modeled the participants connection of color and emotion

Comments
NA

Figure 50

https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/neural-processing-of-sarcasm-hows-that-for-a-great-title/

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
Rta5133 (Rand)	News article	I thought they did a very good job to represent the brain activity results in an intuitive manner

Comments
NA

Figure 51

https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/neural-processing-of-sarcasm-hows-that-for-a-great-title/

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	The information shown on the figure is interesting because it shows the weighted mean of trust in scientist across countries and religion

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 52

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02071-8

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the nut-cracking efficiency of the chimpanzees.

Comments
Figure 3

Figure 53

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08375-z

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the pattern of extinction risk in tetrapods and freshwater species

Comments
Figure 1

Figure 54

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08448-z

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the percentage of catch with different levels of rights devolution in formally governed SSF

Comments
Figure 3

Figure 55

https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(21)00051-6

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the percentage of “yes” response of whether the headline were accurate or whether they consider sharing to true and false headlines

Comments
Figure 2a

Figure 56

https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(24)00269-9

Analyst	Source Type	Why Selected
abc	article	This figure shows the memory decay in animals studied

Comments
Figure 1c