Quiz 2

Published

February 26, 2026

Modified

December 16, 2025

Part I: Main (10 points)

1. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra release dopamine onto targets across the CNS; these structures are located in the __________.

A. cerebral cortex
B. midbrain
C. cerebellum
D. hypothalamus

2. A reuptake inhibitor has what effect on neurotransmitters?

A. Reduces extracellular levels.
B. Accelerates their reuptake.
C. Increases extracellular levels.
D. Causes neurotransmitters to bind to ionotropic receptors.

3. Botilinum toxin (BoTox) causes muscle paralysis by impeding the normal function of which neurotransmitter system?

A. Glutamate
B. GABA
C. Dopamine
D. Acetylcholine

4. is the most commonly released excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. In so doing, it typically binds to a/an receptor.

A. GABA; ionotropic
B. ACh; metabotropic
C. Glutamate; ionotropic
D. Dopamine; metabotropic

5. Which of these hormones is released directly into the blood stream by projections from the hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary?

A. Oxytocin
B. Cortisol
C. Melatonin
D. Norepinephrine

6. Which of these acts as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

A. Dopamine
B. Glutamate
C. Acetylcholine
D. Melatonin

7. __________ receptors contain both chemical (ligand) binding sites and an ion channel.

A. Metabotropic
B. Serotonin
C. Glutamate
D. Ionotropic

8. The inward flow of ions across the neural membrane creates an .

A. Cl-; IPSP
B. K+; IPSP
C. Glutamate; EPSP
d. GABA; EPSP

9. True or False? The sympathetic/adrenal medullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal (HPA) system are both involved in responses to threat or challenge.

A. True
B. False

10. When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal, open and the influx of triggers exocytosis.

A. voltage-gated Na+ channels; Na+
B. voltage-gated Ca++ channels; Ca++
C. metabotropic channels; K+
d. transporters; Ca++ Part II: Bonus (5 points)

11. With one exception, the monoamine neurotransmitters bind to __________ receptors.

A. ionotropic
B. voltage-gated
C. nicotinic
d. metabotropic

12. You are examining an axosomatic synapse and based on where it connects guess that it is and involves the release of .

A. inhibitory; glutamate
B. inhibitory; GABA
C. excitatory; adenosine
d. excitatory; glycine

13. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Primary motor cortex (M1) is in the frontal lobe.
B. Primary visual cortex (V1) is in the occipital lobe.
C. Primary auditory cortex (A1) is in the temporal lobe.
D. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is in the insula.

14. Which of the following structures are not part of the meninges?

A. Dura mater.
B. Pia mater.
C. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
D. Arachnoid membrane.

15. During the falling phase of the action potential, __ ions _.

A. K+; ﬂow out
B. Na+; ﬂow out
C. K+; ﬂow in
D. Na+; ﬂow in

--- title: "Quiz 2" format: html --- ## Part I: Main (10 points) ### 1. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra release dopamine onto targets across the CNS; these structures are located in the __________. A. cerebral cortex **B. midbrain** C. cerebellum D. hypothalamus ### 2. A reuptake inhibitor has what effect on neurotransmitters? A. Reduces extracellular levels. B. Accelerates their reuptake. **C. Increases extracellular levels.** D. Causes neurotransmitters to bind to ionotropic receptors. ### 3. Botilinum toxin (BoTox) causes muscle paralysis by impeding the normal function of which neurotransmitter system? A. Glutamate B. GABA C. Dopamine **D. Acetylcholine** ### 4. __________ is the most commonly released excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. In so doing, it typically binds to a/an __________ receptor. A. GABA; ionotropic B. ACh; metabotropic **C. Glutamate; ionotropic** D. Dopamine; metabotropic ### 5. Which of these hormones is released directly into the blood stream by projections from the hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary? **A. Oxytocin** B. Cortisol C. Melatonin D. Norepinephrine ### 6. Which of these acts as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone? A. Dopamine B. Glutamate C. Acetylcholine D. **Melatonin** ### 7. __________ receptors contain both chemical (ligand) binding sites and an ion channel. A. Metabotropic B. Serotonin C. Glutamate D. **Ionotropic** ### 8. The inward flow of __________ ions across the neural membrane creates an __________. A. **Cl-; IPSP** B. K+; IPSP C. Glutamate; EPSP d. GABA; EPSP ### 9. True or False? The sympathetic/adrenal medullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal (HPA) system are both involved in responses to threat or challenge. A. **True** B. False ### 10. When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal, __________ open and the influx of __________ triggers exocytosis. A. voltage-gated Na+ channels; Na+ B. **voltage-gated Ca++ channels; Ca++** C. metabotropic channels; K+ d. transporters; Ca++ Part II: Bonus (5 points) ### 11. With one exception, the monoamine neurotransmitters bind to __________ receptors. A. ionotropic B. voltage-gated C. nicotinic d. **metabotropic** ### 12. You are examining an axosomatic synapse and based on where it connects guess that it is __________ and involves the release of __________. A. inhibitory; glutamate B. **inhibitory; GABA** C. excitatory; adenosine d. excitatory; glycine ### 13. Which of the following statements is *incorrect*? A. Primary motor cortex (M1) is in the frontal lobe. B. Primary visual cortex (V1) is in the occipital lobe. C. Primary auditory cortex (A1) is in the temporal lobe. **D. Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is in the insula.** ### 14. Which of the following structures are *not* part of the meninges? A. Dura mater. B. Pia mater. **C. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)** D. Arachnoid membrane. ### 15. During the falling phase of the action potential, ____________ ions ___________. **A. K+; ﬂow out** B. Na+; ﬂow out C. K+; ﬂow in D. Na+; ﬂow in